“The bacteria that cause sinus infections typically live in people’s noses,” Sedaghat says. Also, if a sinus infection is a result of an upper respiratory infection and the symptoms persist beyond 10 days, it’s probably a bacterial infection and not contagious, he adds. Another possible sign of a bacterial sinus infection: If symptoms of an upper respiratory infection improve after day five but then worsen again, Sedaghat says.
There are some sinus infections that are fungal in nature, something that has been more common since the advent of COVID-19. The good news is that fungal sinus infections aren’t contagious. But they can be very serious, Sedaghat says. “These are surgical emergencies,” he says, “because they could be life-threatening” if the infection spreads into the brain. They’re more likely in people who have a weakened immune system. Fortunately, the combination of surgery and systemic antifungal drugs has improved the prognosis.
When it comes to treating a sinus infection, there are a variety of options. You can often treat mild sinus infections at home — with over-the-counter pain relievers, nasal or oral decongestants, nasal steroid sprays and/or warm compresses on the face, Sedaghat says.
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