Signs and Symptoms of Stomach Flu

Stomach flu, also known as viral gastroenteritis, is characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining. It’s important to note that the symptoms of stomach flu are distinct from those of the actual flu caused by influenza viruses. While influenza primarily affects the respiratory system, stomach flu is caused by a gastrointestinal virus, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Symptoms of stomach flu typically appear within one to three days after infection. The severity of cases can vary, with some being mild and lasting only 24 to 48 hours, while others may persist for less than a week. It’s important to recognize that stomach flu is typically a self-limiting condition, meaning it tends to resolve on its own without specific treatment. However, it’s crucial to stay hydrated and rest during this time to aid in recovery.

If you experience symptoms of the stomach flu, it’s important to take necessary precautions to prevent the spread of the virus to others. Practicing good hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with others, and disinfecting surfaces can help minimize transmission.

Watery Diarrhea

Watery diarrhea is characterized by loose and watery bowel movements. It occurs as a result of an infection that affects the ability of the large intestine to retain fluid, causing it to pass through the body as loose and watery stools. It is important to note that blood or mucus in the stool is uncommon with stomach flu and may indicate a more serious condition that requires immediate medical attention, such as a bacterial infection or inflammatory bowel disease. If you notice blood or mucus in your stool, it is advisable to seek prompt medical care, including a visit to the emergency room, for proper evaluation and appropriate treatment.

Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms experienced during episodes of gastroenteritis. While these symptoms may be uncomfortable, they actually serve a beneficial purpose. Nausea acts as a protective mechanism by discouraging further ingestion of potentially harmful substances. Vomiting, on the other hand, is the body’s way of expelling these substances, aiding in their removal from the body. Therefore, although unpleasant, these symptoms indicate that your body is actively working to eliminate the harmful agents causing the gastroenteritis.

Abdominal Pain

Abdominal cramps or pain are frequently experienced during episodes of gastroenteritis. This discomfort is felt in the region between the chest and groin. The cramps or pain may be described as generalized, spanning over a significant portion of the belly, which is characteristic of stomach viruses. These symptoms can vary in intensity and may contribute to the overall discomfort associated with gastroenteritis.

Low-Grade Fever

Fevers can be observed as a symptom of stomach flu, with approximately 50% of individuals experiencing low-grade fevers. It’s important to note that a low-grade fever is generally not a cause for concern. However, if the temperature rises above 102°F, it may indicate a more severe case of dehydration and should be taken seriously. Monitoring body temperature can provide valuable information about the progression of illness and the need for appropriate hydration.

Dehydration

Dehydration is a condition that occurs when the body doesn’t receive enough fluids to compensate for the loss it has experienced. It can be a complication of stomach flu and should be addressed promptly as it can worsen the overall condition. If you are experiencing dehydration, you may notice the following symptoms:

Dehydration can manifest through various symptoms. It may cause feelings of dizziness, lightheadedness, or confusion. Fatigue and a general sense of tiredness can also be experienced. Intense thirst and a dry mouth are common indicators of dehydration. When the skin is dehydrated, it may exhibit decreased elasticity, resulting in less bounce when pressed. Additionally, one may notice sunken eyes or cheeks, which can be signs of dehydration. Infrequent urination, accompanied by the observation of dark, yellow urine, is another significant symptom of dehydration. These symptoms collectively highlight the body’s need for adequate hydration and should be addressed by replenishing lost fluids.

In younger children, additional signs of dehydration may include no wet diapers for three or more hours and the absence of tears during crying. These specific symptoms serve as indicators of dehydration in infants and young children. It’s important to recognize and address these symptoms promptly to prevent further complications associated with dehydration.

Symptoms in Children

Gastroenteritis, commonly known as the stomach flu, is more prevalent among children under the age of 5. The symptoms of the stomach flu in infants and children are generally like those in adults. Along with symptoms like nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, children may also have a decreased appetite. Mild vomiting can sometimes accompany the onset of diarrhea in children. It is important to monitor young children closely and provide appropriate care to ensure their comfort and hydration during this period.

When To See a Healthcare Provider

While most cases of gastrointestinal viruses can be managed with self-care, it’s crucial to be aware of signs that indicate the need for urgent medical attention. If you experience any of the following symptoms, it’s important to go to the emergency room:

1. Black or tarry stools, or stools containing blood or pus: This may indicate bleeding in the digestive tract and requires urgent evaluation by a healthcare professional.
2. Dehydration: When your body loses more fluids than it takes in, it can lead to dehydration. Symptoms may include extreme thirst, dry mouth, dizziness, confusion, and reduced urine output. Severe dehydration requires immediate medical intervention to restore fluid balance.
3. Diarrhea persisting for more than one day: While diarrhea is common with stomach viruses, if it persists for an extended period, it can lead to dehydration and other complications. Medical attention is necessary to determine the cause and provide appropriate treatment.
4. Fever in infants, or high fever in older children and adults: A persistent or high-grade fever, especially in infants, may indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires medical evaluation.
5. Frequent loose stools: If you are experiencing frequent and uncontrollable loose stools, it can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Seeking medical care can help manage the symptoms and prevent further complications.
6. Frequent vomiting: Continuous or severe vomiting can quickly lead to dehydration and may indicate a more severe underlying issue that requires medical attention.
7. Mental state changes: Any sudden changes in mental state, such as confusion, disorientation, or altered consciousness, should be taken seriously and evaluated by a healthcare professional.
8. Severe abdominal or rectal pain: Intense and persistent abdominal or rectal pain can be a sign of a more serious condition that requires immediate medical assessment and intervention.

For infants and children, immediate medical care is necessary if they exhibit any of the above symptoms, particularly if signs of dehydration are present. Untreated dehydration in children can be life-threatening within a short period of time. Prompt medical attention is essential to ensure proper treatment and prevent complications.