Signs and Symptoms of a Nervous Breakdown

Experiencing extreme distress can lead to a state of emotional turmoil and strain commonly known as a “nervous breakdown” or “mental breakdown.” Although these terms have been used to express feelings of unraveling under immense stress, it’s important to note that they are not clinical diagnoses or indicative of a specific mental illness. Erin Engle, PsyD, an assistant professor of medical psychology in psychiatry at Columbia University Medical Center, explains that a nervous breakdown is a broad phrase encompassing various psychological conditions that impede normal functioning due to overwhelming stress.

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of a nervous breakdown is crucial, as it can signal a significant issue. It is essential to be aware that seeking support is vital when you or someone you know is potentially going through this challenging experience. To understand and navigate this situation effectively, it is advisable to learn about the indicators of a nervous breakdown and explore appropriate steps to address it.

Signs and Symptoms

As a nervous breakdown is not a precise clinical diagnosis, symptoms can vary among individuals and even across different cultures. Erin Engle emphasizes that our bodies and minds react to stress in diverse ways. However, there are several common indicators that someone may be experiencing an unhealthy response to overwhelming stress. These signs include:

1. Anxiety or depression

According to Erin Engle, anxiety and depression are frequently observed reactions to stress. Engle further explains that prolonged and persistent stressors, coupled with an individual’s overwhelmed coping resources, can lead to difficulties. When approaching a nervous breakdown, one might experience increased emotional sensitivity and may even have episodes of uncontrollable crying. Additionally, individuals may encounter challenges related to self-esteem and confidence, while feelings of guilt can also become prominent during this period.

2. Sleeping too much or not enough

Another red flag to watch out for, as pointed out by Engle, is a noticeable change in sleep patterns. Some individuals may experience a surge in their need for sleep, using it as a form of escapism. Conversely, others may develop insomnia due to an overactive mind. Engle describes how these individuals may find themselves lying awake at night, engaging in persistent rumination, and mentally replaying situations that lack a clear resolution. These sleep disturbances can serve as an indication of a potential nervous breakdown.

3. Fatigue

Extreme fatigue and a sense of physical weakness can also be indicators that stress has reached its peak. Engle suggests that activities that were once effortlessly manageable may become progressively challenging. Additionally, the loss of interest and diminished enjoyment in activities that previously brought pleasure can occur. This can extend to a decrease in sexual desire, as Engle notes that a decline in libido is commonly associated with heightened levels of stress. These symptoms collectively serve as further evidence of the toll that excessive stress can take on an individual.

4. Changes in appetite

Engle highlights that during a nervous breakdown, changes in eating habits can manifest in different ways. Some individuals may experience a loss of appetite, leading to reduced food intake. Conversely, others may turn to overeating as a coping mechanism. Engle cites research published in Physiology and Behavior, which confirms that the stress hormone cortisol can stimulate cravings for unhealthy, high-fat, and high-sugar foods. Furthermore, when going through a breakdown, individuals may find it challenging to maintain motivation for preparing nutritious meals. Engle explains that during such a period, self-care may become more difficult, resulting in a decreased ability to prioritize one’s typical dietary habits.

5. Physical discomfort

Physical discomfort, such as headaches or stomach aches, can also manifest as symptoms of a nervous breakdown. Engle mentions that some individuals may experience gastrointestinal (GI) issues, including diarrhea or constipation. This aligns with a review published in Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences in 2019, which affirms the well-known connection between stress and its impact on the gut. Additionally, a comprehensive research study published in The Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility in 2015 highlights that stress can contribute to various digestive problems. These physical manifestations further underscore the profound influence that stress can have on the body, including the gastrointestinal system.

6. Brain fog

Engle explains that cognitive symptoms commonly accompany a nervous breakdown. These symptoms may manifest as difficulties in concentration or a sense of mental fog, where clear thinking becomes challenging. Individuals experiencing a nervous breakdown may struggle with problem-solving tasks, exhibit indecisiveness, or feel disoriented. Additionally, memory loss can also be observed. These cognitive impairments further highlight the impact of overwhelming stress on cognitive functioning during a nervous breakdown.

7. Trouble breathing

In addition to the aforementioned symptoms, it is important to be aware of classic signs of a panic attack, as they can also be associated with a nervous breakdown. The Irish Journal of Medical Science published a review in 2022 that highlights common symptoms such as chest tightness and rapid breathing during panic attacks.

The Journal of Physical Therapy Science also published research in 2022, suggesting that breathing exercises aimed at slowing down the breath can provide rapid relief during such episodes. However, if you consistently experience severe difficulty breathing or frequent panic attacks, it is crucial to address the underlying issues and seek appropriate support to manage and alleviate these symptoms effectively.

Causes

Understanding the precise causes of a nervous breakdown can be challenging, just as defining the term itself. However, various factors can contribute to the development of a nervous breakdown, as explained in a review published in The Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine in 2014. Causes of a nervous breakdown can vary and are specific to each individual’s circumstances and stressors.

• High-stress events such as traumatic experiences, major life changes, or chronic stress can contribute to a nervous breakdown.
  
• Persistent and overwhelming stress that surpasses an individual’s coping abilities can lead to a nervous breakdown.
  
• Personal factors like a history of mental health issues, genetic predisposition, or personality traits may increase vulnerability to a nervous breakdown.
  
• Environmental factors such as a lack of social support, unhealthy work environment, or challenging life circumstances can contribute to the development of a nervous breakdown.
  
• Co-existing mental health conditions like anxiety disorders, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can increase the risk of experiencing a nervous breakdown.
  
• Poor self-care practices, including neglecting physical and emotional well-being, can also play a role in the onset of a nervous breakdown.
  
• Individual resilience, coping skills, and ability to manage stress can impact the likelihood of experiencing a nervous breakdown.

The review emphasizes that anyone can experience a nervous breakdown when life circumstances become overwhelming and surpass their ability to cope. It further highlights that individual responses to stress vary due to differences in coping skills. The presence of a strong support system to manage these stressors also plays a significant role.

Furthermore, research published in Psychoneuroendocrinology in 2019 suggests that a nervous breakdown can sometimes indicate an underlying mental health condition, such as anxiety or depression, requiring psychiatric attention. It underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing potential underlying mental health problems when experiencing a nervous breakdown.

What To Do if You Think You’re Having a Nervous Breakdown

The appropriate response to a nervous breakdown depends on the individual and their specific circumstances. If someone is experiencing a milder level of stress but still feels unsettled, prioritizing self-care and engaging in healthy coping mechanisms can be beneficial. This may include activities such as exercise, pursuing enjoyable hobbies, getting sufficient sleep, maintaining a nutritious diet, and spending quality time with loved ones.

However, if the symptoms are more severe and significantly impacting daily life, it is important to seek psychological help. Engle emphasizes the importance of not hesitating to reach out for professional assistance, encouraging individuals to consider consulting with licensed mental health professionals such as therapists, psychologists, or social workers. Seeking help is a crucial and valuable step towards recovery and well-being. Whether in-person or through virtual sessions, individuals should choose the approach that feels most comfortable and suitable for them.