Common symptoms of vaginal infections and how to prevent them

The risk of vaginal infections

Vaginal infections can be uncomfortable and distressing. Numerous microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites can cause certain vulva infections. Some of the most common vulva infections are Candidiasis, Bacterial vaginosis, Trichomoniasis, Genital herpes and Pubic lice. Some of the causes of these infections are distinct and some can be overlapping.Let’s learn about some common vaginal infections

Yeast and bacterial infections

Yeast infection or candidiasis is generally overgrowth of Candida albicans, a type of yeast. Whereas, Bacterial vaginosis is associated with an imbalance in the vaginal bacteria. It might include symptoms like foul-smelling, fishy vaginal odor, grayish-white vaginal discharge, and itching or burning. Antifungal medications, available in the form of creams or antibiotics help with yeast infection and bacterial vaginosis.

Trichomoniasis

Dr. Manju Gupta, Senior Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, Motherhood Hospital says, “Some of the sexually transmitted infections and viruses include, Trichomoniasis which is caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginali and HPV which is also a sexually transmitted virus. Some strains of HPV can lead to genital warts or an increased risk of cervical cancer.”

Genital warts

Genital warts are the most common symptom of certain HPV strains. Other strains may not cause any symptoms. HSV-2 can cause genital herpes through sexual contact. The virus can be dormant and reactivate periodically. Some of the symptoms include painful sores, itching, and flu-like symptoms during outbreaks.

Pubic lice

Pubic lice infestations are also common. They are caused by tiny parasitic insects that attach to pubic hair. Symptoms include itching, red or blue spots, and visible lice or eggs on pubic hair. Over-the-counter or prescription medications can be used to eliminate pubic lice.

How to prevent these vaginal infections?

It’s important to wash and disinfect clothing and bedding to prevent re-infestation. Maintaining good hygiene, practicing safe sex, and understanding risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of these infections. Additionally, lifestyle choices such as wearing cotton underwear, avoiding douching, and maintaining a balanced diet can contribute to vulvar health.