Congenital disorders
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and chronic kidney disease with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review
Nov
Vijay K, Neuen BL, Lerma EV. Heart failure in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: challenges and opportunities. Cardiorenal Med. 2022;12(1):1–10.
Google Scholar
Fontes-Carvalho R, Santos-Ferreira D, Raz I, Marx N, Ruschitzka F, Cosentino F. Protective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors across the cardiorenal continuum: two faces of the same coin. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022;29(9):1352–60.
Google Scholar
Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, Im K, Goodrich EL, Bonaca MP, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet. 2019;393(10166):31–9.
Google Scholar
Packer M, Butler J, Zannad F, Pocock SJ, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, et al. Empagliflozin and major renal outcomes in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(16):1531–3.
Google Scholar
McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, Køber L, Kosiborod MN, Martinez FA, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(21):1995–2008.
Google Scholar
Bozkurt B, Coats AJS, Tsutsui H, Abdelhamid CM, Adamopoulos S, Albert N, et al. Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure: Endorsed by the Canadian Heart Failure Society, Heart Failure Association of India, Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, and Chinese Heart Failure Association. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(3):352–80.
Google Scholar
McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599–726.
Google Scholar
Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(17):e263–421.
Google Scholar
Bragazzi NL, Zhong W, Shu J, Abu Much A, Lotan D, Grupper A, et al. Burden of heart failure and underlying causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2021;28(15):1682–90.
Google Scholar
Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2022 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145(8):e153–639.
Google Scholar
Dunlay SM, Roger VL, Redfield MM. Epidemiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017;14(10):591–602.
Google Scholar
Teramoto K, Teng TK, Chandramouli C, Tromp J, Sakata Y, Lam CS. Epidemiology and clinical features of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Card Fail Rev. 2022;8:e27.
Google Scholar
Savarese G, Becher PM, Lund LH, Seferovic P, Rosano GMC, Coats A. Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology. Cardiovasc Res. 2022;118(17):3272–87.
Google Scholar
Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Burnett JC Jr, Mahoney DW, Bailey KR, Rodeheffer RJ. Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic. JAMA. 2003;289(2):194–202.
Google Scholar
Jones NR, Roalfe AK, Adoki I, Hobbs FDR, Taylor CJ. Survival of patients with chronic heart failure in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(11):1306–25.
Google Scholar
Rossing P, Caramori ML, Chan JCN, Heerspink HJL, Hurst C, Khunti K, et al. Executive summary of the KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: an update based on rapidly emerging new evidence. Kidney Int. 2022;102(5):990–9.
Google Scholar
GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):709–33.
Google Scholar
Hill NR, Fatoba ST, Oke JL, Hirst JA, O’Callaghan CA, Lasserson DS, et al. Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease – a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(7):e0158765.
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chronic kidney disease in the United States, 2021. 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/kidneydisease/publications-resources/CKD-national-facts.html. Accessed 16 Aug 2022.
Kovesdy CP. 2022 Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney Int Suppl. 2011;12(1):7–11.
Google Scholar
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet. 2021;398(10304):957–80.
Webster AC, Nagler EV, Morton RL, Masson P. Chronic kidney disease. Lancet. 2017;389(10075):1238–52.
Google Scholar
KDIGO. Chapter 1: Definition and classification of CKD (In: KDIGO 2012 Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease). Kidney Int Suppl 2013;3(1):19–62.
United States Renal Data System. 2022 USRDS annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. 2022. https://usrds-adr.niddk.nih.gov/2022?dkrd=/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/usrds/annual-data-report. Accessed 24 Mar 2023.
Jankowski J, Floege J, Fliser D, Böhm M, Marx N. Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological insights and therapeutic options. Circulation. 2021;143(11):1157–72.
Google Scholar
Tonelli M, Wiebe N, Culleton B, House A, Rabbat C, Fok M, et al. Chronic kidney disease and mortality risk: a systematic review. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17(7):2034–47.
Google Scholar
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice C. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S17–38.
Khan MAB, Hashim MJ, King JK, Govender RD, Mustafa H, Al KJ. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes – global burden of disease and forecasted trends. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2020;10(1):107–11.
Google Scholar
American Diabetes Association. Statistics about diabetes. 2022. https://diabetes.org/about-us/statistics/about-diabetes. Accessed 8 Dec 2022.
Lin X, Xu Y, Pan X, Xu J, Ding Y, Sun X, et al. Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):14790.
Google Scholar
Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321(7258):405–12.
Google Scholar
Selvin E, Marinopoulos S, Berkenblit G, Rami T, Brancati FL, Powe NR, et al. Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(6):421–31.
Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Hu G, Yuan Z, Chen L. Glycosylated hemoglobin in relationship to cardiovascular outcomes and death in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(8):e42551.
Google Scholar
Erqou S, Lee CTC, Suffoletto M, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, de Boer RA, van Melle JP, et al. Association between glycated haemoglobin and the risk of congestive heart failure in diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15(2):185–93.
Google Scholar
Babel RA, Dandekar MP. A review on cellular and molecular mechanisms linked to the development of diabetes complications. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2021;17(4):457–73.
Google Scholar
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S144–74.
House AA, Wanner C, Sarnak MJ, Piña IL, McIntyre CW, Komenda P, et al. Heart failure in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int. 2019;95(6):1304–17.
Google Scholar
Kottgen A, Russell SD, Loehr LR, Crainiceanu CM, Rosamond WD, Chang PP, et al. Reduced kidney function as a risk factor for incident heart failure: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18(4):1307–15.
Google Scholar
Bansal N, Zelnick L, Bhat Z, Dobre M, He J, Lash J, et al. Burden and outcomes of heart failure hospitalizations in adults with chronic kidney disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(21):2691–700.
Google Scholar
Porter AC, Lash JP, Xie D, Pan Q, DeLuca J, Kanthety R, et al. Predictors and outcomes of health-related quality of life in adults with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;11(7):1154–62.
Google Scholar
Agrawal A, Naranjo M, Kanjanahattakij N, Rangaswami J, Gupta S. Cardiorenal syndrome in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction-an under-recognized clinical entity. Heart Fail Rev. 2019;24(4):421–37.
Google Scholar
Joslin JR, Lioudaki E, Androulakis E. Interrelation between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and renal impairment. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022;23(2):69.
Google Scholar
van de Wouw J, Broekhuizen M, Sorop O, Joles JA, Verhaar MC, Duncker DJ, et al. Chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a focus on microcirculatory factors and therapeutic targets. Front Physiol. 2019;10:1108.
Google Scholar
Solomon SD, McMurray JJV, Anand IS, Ge J, Lam CSP, Maggioni AP, et al. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(17):1609–20.
Google Scholar
Lejeune S, Roy C, Slimani A, Pasquet A, Vancraeynest D, Beauloye C, et al. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in Belgium: characteristics and outcome of a real-life cohort. Acta Cardiol. 2021;76(7):697–706.
Google Scholar
Löfman I, Szummer K, Dahlström U, Jernberg T, Lund LH. Associations with and prognostic impact of chronic kidney disease in heart failure with preserved, mid-range, and reduced ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(12):1606–14.
Google Scholar
Fauchier L, Maisons V, Fauchier G, Herbert J, Angoulvant D, Ducluzeau PH, et al. Impact of type 2 diabetes on the incidence of cardiorenal syndromes and on subsequent clinical outcomes: a propensity-matched nationwide analysis. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(Suppl 2):1063.
Patel N, Yaqoob MM, Aksentijevic D. Cardiac metabolic remodelling in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2022;18(8):524–37.
Google Scholar
Ter Maaten JM, Damman K, Verhaar MC, Paulus WJ, Duncker DJ, Cheng C, et al. Connecting heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and renal dysfunction: the role of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(6):588–98.
Google Scholar
Paulus WJ, Tschöpe C. A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: comorbidities drive myocardial dysfunction and remodeling through coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(4):263–71.
Google Scholar
Ronco C, McCullough P, Anker SD, Anand I, Aspromonte N, Bagshaw SM, et al. Cardio-renal syndromes: report from the consensus conference of the acute dialysis quality initiative. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(6):703–11.
Google Scholar
Kim JA, Wu L, Rodriguez M, Lentine KL, Virk HUH, Hachem KE, et al. Recent developments in the evaluation and management of cardiorenal syndrome: a comprehensive review. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2023;48(3): 101509.
Google Scholar
Méndez AB, Azancot MA, Olivella A, Soler MJ. New aspects in cardiorenal syndrome and HFpEF. Clin Kidney J. 2022;15(10):1807–15.
Google Scholar
Simmonds SJ, Cuijpers I, Heymans S, Jones EAV. Cellular and molecular differences between HFpEF and HFrEF: a step ahead in an improved pathological understanding. Cells. 2020;9(1):242.
Google Scholar
Salvatore T, Galiero R, Caturano A, Rinaldi L, Di Martino A, Albanese G, et al. An overview of the cardiorenal protective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(7):3651.
Google Scholar
Gao YM, Feng ST, Wen Y, Tang TT, Wang B, Liu BC. Cardiorenal protection of SGLT2 inhibitors-perspectives from metabolic reprogramming. EBioMedicine. 2022;83:104215.
Google Scholar
Liu H, Sridhar VS, Boulet J, Dharia A, Khan A, Lawler PR, et al. Cardiorenal protection with SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with diabetes mellitus: from biomarkers to clinical outcomes in heart failure and diabetic kidney disease. Metabolism. 2022;126:154918.
Google Scholar
Prandi FR, Barone L, Lecis D, Belli M, Sergi D, Milite M, et al. Biomolecular mechanisms of cardiorenal protection with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Biomolecules. 2022;12(10):1349.
Google Scholar
Solomon SD, de Boer RA, DeMets D, Hernandez AF, Inzucchi SE, Kosiborod MN, et al. Dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction: rationale and design of the DELIVER trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(7):1217–25.
Google Scholar
Solomon SD, McMurray JJV, Claggett B, de Boer RA, DeMets D, Hernandez AF, et al. Dapagliflozin in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(12):1089–98.
Google Scholar
Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos GS, Jamal W, Salsali A, Schnee J, et al. Evaluation of the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR-Preserved trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(10):1279–87.
Google Scholar
Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Bocchi E, Böhm M, et al. Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(16):1451–61.
Google Scholar
McCausland FR, Claggett BL, Vaduganathan M, Desai AS, Jhund P, de Boer RA, et al. Dapagliflozin and kidney outcomes in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: a prespecified analysis of the DELIVER randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;8(1):56–65.
Google Scholar
Zoler ML. Empagliflozin win in EMPEROR-Preserved HF, but renal outcomes puzzle. In: Medscape Medical News. 2021. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/957997. Accessed 1 Nov 2022.
Khan MS, Bakris GL, Shahid I, Weir MR, Butler J. Potential role and limitations of estimated glomerular filtration rate slope assessment in cardiovascular trials: a review. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7(5):549–55.
Google Scholar
Tuttle KR, Rangaswami J. SGLT2 inhibitors as the bedrock of therapy for heart failure. Lancet. 2022;400(10354):711–3.
Google Scholar
Packer M, Zannad F, Butler J, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, et al. Influence of endpoint definitions on the effect of empagliflozin on major renal outcomes in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(10):1798–9.
Google Scholar
Packer M, Butler J, Zannad F, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, et al. Effect of empagliflozin on worsening heart failure events in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: EMPEROR-preserved trial. Circulation. 2021;144(16):1284–94.
Google Scholar
Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Pocock SJ, Carson P, et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1413–24.
Google Scholar
Packer M, Butler J, Filippatos G, Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Zeller C, et al. Design of a prospective patient-level pooled analysis of two parallel trials of empagliflozin in patients with established heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(12):2393–8.
Google Scholar
Vaduganathan M, Docherty KF, Claggett BL, Jhund PS, de Boer RA, Hernandez AF, et al. SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure: a comprehensive meta-analysis of five randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2022;400(10354):757–67.
Google Scholar
Bhatt DL, Szarek M, Steg PG, Cannon CP, Leiter LA, McGuire DK, et al. Sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and recent worsening heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(2):117–28.
Google Scholar
Nassif ME, Windsor SL, Borlaug BA, Kitzman DW, Shah SJ, Tang F, et al. The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a multicenter randomized trial. Nat Med. 2021;27(11):1954–60.
Google Scholar
Abraham WT, Lindenfeld J, Ponikowski P, Agostoni P, Butler J, Desai AS, et al. Effect of empagliflozin on exercise ability and symptoms in heart failure patients with reduced and preserved ejection fraction, with and without type 2 diabetes. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(6):700–10.
Google Scholar
Spertus JA, Birmingham MC, Nassif M, Damaraju CV, Abbate A, Butler J, et al. The SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin in heart failure: the CHIEF-HF remote, patient-centered randomized trial. Nat Med. 2022;28(4):809–13.
Google Scholar
Voors AA, Angermann CE, Teerlink JR, Collins SP, Kosiborod M, Biegus J, et al. The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: a multinational randomized trial. Nat Med. 2022;28(3):568–74.
Google Scholar
Bhatt DL, Szarek M, Pitt B, Cannon CP, Leiter LA, McGuire DK, et al. Sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(2):129–39.
Google Scholar
Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B, Bompoint S, Heerspink HJL, Charytan DM, et al. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(24):2295–306.
Google Scholar
Heerspink HJL, Stefánsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, Chertow GM, Greene T, Hou FF, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1436–46.
Google Scholar
Empa-Kidney Collaborative Group. Design, recruitment, and baseline characteristics of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2022;37(7):1317–29.
Google Scholar
Empa-Kidney Collaborative Group. Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2022;388(2):117–27.
Google Scholar
Requena-Ibanez JA, Santos-Gallego CG, Zafar MU, Badimon JJ. SGLT2-inhibitors on HFpEF patients. Role of ejection fraction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-022-07371-7.
Google Scholar
Shah SJ, Katz DH, Deo RC. Phenotypic spectrum of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart Fail Clin. 2014;10(3):407–18.
Google Scholar
Murray EM, Greene SJ, Rao VN, Sun JL, Alhanti BA, Blumer V, et al. Machine learning to define phenotypes and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: findings from ASCEND-HF. Am Heart J. 2022;254:112–21.
Google Scholar
Gevaert AB, Kataria R, Zannad F, Sauer AJ, Damman K, Sharma K, et al. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: recent concepts in diagnosis, mechanisms and management. Heart. 2022;108(17):1342–50.
Google Scholar
Obokata M, Reddy YNV, Pislaru SV, Melenovsky V, Borlaug BA. Evidence supporting the existence of a distinct obese phenotype of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation. 2017;136(1):6–19.
Google Scholar
Packer M, Lam CSP, Lund LH, Maurer MS, Borlaug BA. Characterization of the inflammatory-metabolic phenotype of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction: a hypothesis to explain influence of sex on the evolution and potential treatment of the disease. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(9):1551–67.
Google Scholar
Pieske B, Tschöpe C, de Boer RA, Fraser AG, Anker SD, Donal E, et al. How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: a consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(3):391–412.
Google Scholar
Cheng RK, Maurer MS. Recognition and Implications of undiagnosed cardiac amyloid patients in HFpEF trials. JACC Heart Fail. 2021;9(11):803–6.
Google Scholar
Madan N, Kalra D. Clinical evaluation of infiltrative cardiomyopathies resulting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2020;21(2):181–90.
Google Scholar
Oghina S, Bougouin W, Bézard M, Kharoubi M, Komajda M, Cohen-Solal A, et al. The impact of patients with cardiac amyloidosis in HFpEF trials. JACC Heart Fail. 2021;9(3):169–78.
Google Scholar
Verma S, McGuire DK, Kosiborod MN. Two tales: one story: EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF. Circulation. 2020;142(23):2201–4.
Google Scholar
Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, Zeller C, Anker SD, Butler J, et al. Cardiac and kidney benefits of empagliflozin in heart failure across the spectrum of kidney function: insights from EMPEROR-Reduced. Circulation. 2021;143(4):310–21.
Google Scholar
McCausland FR, Lefkowitz MP, Claggett B, Anavekar NS, Senni M, Gori M, et al. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition and renal outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation. 2020;142(13):1236–45.
Google Scholar
Haynes R, Judge PK, Staplin N, Herrington WG, Storey BC, Bethel A, et al. Effects of sacubitril/valsartan versus irbesartan in patients with chronic kidney disease. Circulation. 2018;138(15):1505–14.
Google Scholar
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 11. Chronic kidney disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S175–84.
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Addendum. 11. Chronic kidney disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care 2022;45(Suppl. 1): S175-S184. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(9):2182–4.
Agarwal R, Kolkhof P, Bakris G, Bauersachs J, Haller H, Wada T, et al. Steroidal and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in cardiorenal medicine. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(2):152–61.
Google Scholar
Bakris GL, Agarwal R, Anker SD, Pitt B, Ruilope LM, Rossing P, et al. Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(23):2219–29.
Google Scholar
Pitt B, Filippatos G, Agarwal R, Anker SD, Bakris GL, Rossing P, et al. Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(24):2252–63.
Google Scholar
Agarwal R, Filippatos G, Pitt B, Anker SD, Rossing P, Joseph A, et al. Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(6):474–84.
Google Scholar
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. Kerendia (finerenone) [prescrbing information]. 2022. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/215341s001lbl.pdf. Accessed 1 Nov 2022.
Jhund PS, Solomon SD, Docherty KF, Heerspink HJL, Anand IS, Böhm M, et al. Efficacy of dapagliflozin on renal function and outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: results of DAPA-HF. Circulation. 2021;143(4):298–309.
Google Scholar
